![]() ![]() Plants and animals have been used as medicinal sources since ancient times, and even today animal- and plant-based pharmacopeias continue to play an essential role in health care. Wildlife represents an immeasurable source of raw materials that support health systems of different human cultures that depend on nature as a source of medicines to treat and cure illnesses. The comprehension of the multiplicity and trends in the therapeutic uses of Brazilian vertebrates is of particular interest from a conservation perspective, as several threatened species were recorded. Considering the 20 disease categories recorded, treatment prescriptions were similar within continental (i.e., terrestrial and freshwater) and also within coastal and marine habitats, which may reflect locally related trends in occurrence and use of the medicinal fauna. However, reptiles stand out presenting a higher plasticity in the treatment of multiple health conditions. Our results showed that at least 165 health conditions are reportedly treated by edible vertebrate species ( n = 204), mostly fishes and mammals. Here we assessed taxonomic and ecological trends in traditional uses of wild edible vertebrates in the country, through an extensive ethnobiological database analysis. In Brazil, such use is often associated with wild animals, mostly focusing on vertebrate species. ![]() The use of food medicines is a widespread practice worldwide. ![]()
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